Checking Your Parallel Port

Parallel Port Description




For blinking LED you have to write a code. i.e. first you have to make the data pin high(pin no:2-9)
we will be writing a C code:


1. #include"stdio.h"
2. #include"sys/io.h" /*Header file for iopl(),outb()*/
3. main()
4. {
5. iopl(3);
6. while(1)
7. {
8. outb(0xff,0x378); /* it will make the pin 2-9 high(0xff eight 1's) & 0x378 is the port address*/
9. sleep(1);
10. outb(0x00,0x378);/*it will make the pin 2-9 low */
11. sleep(1);
12. }
13. }




Now comes your circuit. Here we have connected only 1 LED to pin2 and pin 19 is the ground.
You can connect LED to pin 2-9 with a resistor(1k) & control these pins in different way

















comments to:
Ranjeeth PT
Govt Engg College
Sreekrishnapuram,Palakkad.

Robotics Step-1

Before going to robotics you should have a basic knowledge of microcontroller (I am using Atmel Atmega8,) and softwares to burn your code to atmega8. (i.e avr-gcc,avr-libc,uisp)

LED Blinking with atmega8

Before doing it with atmega8 its better to check your Parallel Port.

#include"avr/io.h"
main()
{
DDRC|=1PC2;
while(1)
{
PC2|=1PC2;
delay(10);
PC2|=~1PC2;
delay(10);
}
}

Before this you have to install avr-libc,gcc-avr,uisp.
Read the atmel atmega8 datasheet & avr-libc manual.

Code Explanation:
we have 3 ports PORTA,PORTB,PORTC these are bidirectional. It will act as output pin or inout pin based on DDR*(DDRA for PORTA likewise) register.When the value is 1 it will act as an output pin and 0 as input pin.We are connecting LED to PC2. So we will be making the pin high then a delay

Circuit:













comments to:
Ranjeeth PT
Govt Engg College
Sreekrishnapuram,Palakkad.

Airtel Mobile office & Gnu/Linux (Debian)

1)install wvdial

• apt-get install wvdial

2)see & configure your modem

• wvdialconf /etc/wvdial.conf ( MODEM-usually - /dev/ttyACM0... OR /dev/USB... )

3)edit the file in /etc/wvdial.conf with U'r favourite editor

• vi /etc/wvdial.conf

4)make it like this

[Dialer Defaults]

Init = AT+CGDCONT=1,"IP","airtelgprs.com","",0,0

Modem Type = USB Modem

Baud = 460800 ; No Need to edit This is my Nokia 3110c modem

New PPPD = yes
Modem = /dev/ttyACM0 ;No Need to edit This is my Nokia 3110c modem(Default)
Stupid Mode = yes
Phone =*99# ;according to your settings in mobile
Password =
Username =

5)ITZ time

• wvdial

OR

• wvdial /etc/wvdial.conf

6)take another terminal and ping to see connection to Internet

• ping www.google.com (you will raceive data)

7)Take a browser epiphany or mozilla its play time

• epiphany www.google.com

Comments to:
Ranjeeth PT
Govt Engg College
Sreekrishnapuram,Palakkad.

Know Your Friend Gnu/Linux

Know Your Friend: GNU/Linux

· In 1969, Kenneth Thompson, Dennis Ritchie and others at AT and T Bell labs began developing Unix. The same year when Linus Torvalds was born. The Unix was far expensive and the source code of Unix was not available. In 1971, Richard Matthew Stallman joined MIT Artificial intelligence laboratory as a programmer. The programmer used to share their code freely among each other. In 1972, Ritchie rewrote Unix in his new programming language C. Because of the emergence of portable software-software which can be compiled to run on different computers, a business model emerged and they refused to share the code.

· RMS-as they call him, the father of GNU movement was against this trend. He believed in the principle that software should be free which led to Free Software Foundation. In 1985, RMS published GNU manifesto and he wanted to create a free operating system called GNU, which would be compatible with Unix. GNU is an acronym for ‘GNU is Not Unix’.

· In the same year Andrew S Tanenbaum wrote Unix like operating system called Minix. It had an advantage that the source code was available. Anyone who happened to get the book ‘The Operating System: Design and Implementation’ by Tanenbaum could get hold of the 12,000 lines of code, written in C and assembly language. It was the first time a hacker could read the source code of an operating system. Students of CS all over the world pored over the book reading through the codes to understand the very system that runs their computer and one of them was Linus Torvalds.

· In 1989,stallman released GNU General Public License now popularly know as GPL or copyleft ,he published all his works under this license, which gives you the legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software, also with the principle’ Ones in GPL always in GPL‘. At the same time RMS along with a group of like minded programmers stared working to develop the tools to make a complete operating system like an editor (emacs),a compiler (gcc),liberies etc… they only lacked a free OS kernel. The GNU kernel HURD was in progress.

· In 1991,the 21 year old sandy haired, soft spoken second year student of CS at the university of Helsinki and self taught hacker 'Linus Torvalds' wrote his own kernel and released under GPL. He named it Linux. With the kernel and GNU tools the free OS GNU/Linux was released to the public . Linux is the kernel for an operating system, kernel is not everything for a complete os you should have so many tools like an editor, compiler, liberies, the list goes. All these tools where developed by GNU programmers. Their contribution is not less so it’s GNU/Linux .


Comments to:
Ranjeeth PT
Govt Engg College
Sreekrishnapuram,Palakkad.